The first step in shaping the brain is that the neural plate, a sheet-like cell layer, curves to form the neural tube. Scientists have now shown that during the process of neural tube formation a ...

For the purpose of blood analyses and industrial tests, it is often necessary to measure the concentration of specific ions. At present, the relevant devices are large and cannot be produced at low ...

Researchers have developed a new electrode for analyzing lithium ion concentrations. Unlike traditional systems, it could be manufactured in a small format at low costs. The key is the material ...

This review describes a method of analyzing acid–base disorders that incorporates insights from the traditional, bicarbonate-centered model and the Stewart (or strong ion) model (Table 1). 1–6 ...

The relation between the concentration of hydrogen ions and the effect of a weak acid on metabolic activity as indicative of the role of ions and molecules is considered. Special reference is made to ...

The number of ions belonging to different elements within a sample can tell a lot. In beverages and foods, different ions have specific limits established to ensure a minimum nutrient content is ...