Often, there is a need to simulate RFIC designs with substrate parasitics to accurately represent high frequency effects in actual silicon. Generally, parasitics appear from a chip's surface layers, ...

Fig 1. Two analog multipliers form a VCO with quadrature outputs, while a third multiplier provides AGC to stabilize output voltages without adding distortion. Fig 2. The oscilloscope trace of the VCO ...

The project was a signal generator that featured a swept RF output that could go from 1 MHz to 40 MHz. We had no way to make a single sweepable signal source that could cover a 40-to-1 range of ...

Voltage-controlled oscillator-based analog-to-digital converters (VCO-based ADCs) represent an emerging class of digitisation circuits that harness the frequency-modulating properties of VCOs to ...